Tetrapeptide-21 (GEKG-peptide) is a synthetic peptide that repeats a part of a sequence (Gly-Glu-Lys-Gly) of several extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, such as collagens I, II, III, IV, V, elastin, and pro-elastin. It boosts collagen, hyaluronic acid, and fibronectin production by dermal fibroblasts.
It is scientifically proven that fragments of ECM proteins (breakdown product peptides) stimulate regenerative and wound-healing processes in the skin. Tetrapeptide-21 is one of the most effective peptides, which enhances gene expression responsible for collagen production up to 2.5-fold.
In addition, GEKG-peptide increases the expression of genes responsible for the production of other essential ECM components, including proteins and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Increased hyaluronic acid binds more water molecules, providing adequate hydration, enhanced skin elasticity, and additional volume.
Thanks to the increased production of the glycoprotein Fibronectin, Tetrapeptide-21 improves the cross-linking of ECM components (such as hyaluronic acid, collagen, and elastin), forming a network that exposes the skin to a firmer, suppler, youthful appearance.Tetrapeptide-21 is a safe and effective anti-aging ingredient. Incorporated into skin care applications, it improves the overall condition and structure of the skin, fights fine lines and deep wrinkles, and reduces roughness.
